From Sauropods to Tyrannosaurs The 15 Main Dinosaur Types

The Fifth Amendment and The Bill of Rights - 654 Words

Suppose someone witnesses a murder while attempting to steal a stop sign. If the witness is asked by a police official whether or not he or she committed the murder, he or she will say no. But if the witness is then asked what he or she was doing in the area at the time of the murder, he or she has the right to remain silent in order to protect him or herself from self-incrimination, a clause in the Fifth Amendment. The Fifth Amendment upholds the rights of United States citizens against government prosecution. Introduced to the Bill of Rights in 1789, the Fifth Amendment is a noteworthy amendment both during the past and in today’s world. The Fifth Amendment, along with the rest of the Bill of Rights, was proposed by James Madison, providing a way for the Founding Fathers of the United States to better protect the basic rights of people. Congress thought this amendment was necessary after the United States’ independence from Britain; not wanting to repeat the mistake t he monarchy had made –exploiting its citizens’ freedoms. Specifically, the Fifth Amendment secures many freedoms of people against unfair prosecution and investigation: a person cannot be put on trial for a serious crime unless a grand jury decides or if he or she is in the military; he or she cannot be tried twice for the same offense; and cannot be forced to testify against him or herself in a court case. Additionally, a person cannot be deprived of rights such as life, liberty, and property without aShow MoreRelatedCourt And Process : Constitutional Court989 Words   |  4 Pagesinsists that is in the faith amendment and it should be until the bill of right of the state government, and the federal government were unsure of the faith amendment was so clear. However, after the civil war the state of government made the fourth amendment that the state can’t take any bill of rights from the citizen. 2. Facts: The case began with John Barron when he sue the city of Baltimore, claiming that the city deprived him and his property in the fifth Amendment, says that government can’tRead MoreWhat is the Bill of Rights?1440 Words   |  6 PagesThe Bill of Rights Essay â€Å"Rightful liberty is unobstructed action according to our will within limits drawn around us by the equal rights of others.I do not add ‘within the limits of the law because law is often but the tyrants’ will,and always so when it violates the rights of the individual† -Thomas Jefferson. The Constitution was created because of the ineffectiveness of the Articles of Confederation did not simply protecting the rights of the people which the Founding Fathers was concernedRead More The Importance of The Bill of Rights in Society Today Essay613 Words   |  3 Pagesto have a Bill of Rights. The anti-federalists claimed that a bill of rights was needed that listed the guaranteed rights that the government could never take away from a person i.e. â€Å"inalienable rights.† A Bill of Rights was eventually deemed necessary, and has worked for over 210 years. There are many reasons why the ten amendments are still valid to this day, and the best examples are t he First Amendment, concerning the freedom of religion, the Fifth Amendment, and the Sixth Amendment. The AmendmentRead MoreThe Bill of Rights: The Most Important Documents in American History1579 Words   |  6 PagesThe Bill of Rights is one of the most important documents in American history. Bills of Rights have been included in official documents for hundred of years; the Magna Carta, signed by King John in 1215, was known to contain provisions to protect certain rights within his kingdom (History of the Bill of Rights, 2012). While there was much debate regarding the inclusion of a Bill of Rights into the Constitution, Congress did not approve the inclusion of twelve Amendments, or Twelve Articles, untilRead MoreThe Fifth Amendment : Self-Incrimination In The Fifth Amendment1040 Words   |  5 Pagesof the Fifth Amendment is Self-Incrimination, stating â€Å"No person...shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself....†. This clause specifies that a person cannot be forced to testify against himself or herself; yet, this does not limited polic e-interrogation. A testimonial through threatened loss of government employment or guilt from silence can be used as evidence. Witnesses and evidence must be presented during the trial. This is often known as taking the fifth. OneRead MoreThe Bill Of Rights : The Importance Of The Bill Of Rights1381 Words   |  6 PagesAmerica in order since 1789? That would be The Bill of Rights. The Bill of Rights is simply the first ten amendments. Written by James Madison, The Bill of Rights lists specific prohibitions on governmental power. The Bill of Rights was officially added into the constitution in 1791. The amendments are on display in the National Archives Museum. The First Amendment states that â€Å"everybody has freedom of speech, press, and religion.† The First Amendment allows us, as U.S. citizens to speak freely aboutRead MoreEffects of Slavery on America1594 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican history is the topic of slavery. Although agreements such as the Three-Fifths Compromise in 1787, and the Thirteenth Amendment in 1865 were adapted to reduce and outlaw slavery, it took many years for slavery to be completely abolished and allow blacks the freedom they had been longing for. The Three-Fifths Compromise was a agreement reached at the Constitutional Convention of 1787 in Philadelphia in which three-fifths of states’ slaves would be counted as representation regarding distributionRead MoreBill of Rights Essay1647 Words   |  7 PagesThe â€Å"Bill of rights† had been proposed as a follow up to Parliament’s original Habeas Corpus bill, which safeguarded personal freedom and liberty. Now just about every colony had a bill of rights, so James Madison suggested that if the United States was to survived as a a country it would need to have a set of rules versus thirtheen and every state would have the same rules. In 1789, James Madison proposed a series of legislative articles to the first United States congress, but the processes tookRead MoreFifth Amendment Privilege : Taking The Fifth1657 Words   |  7 PagesThe Fifth Amendment Privilege: taking the Fifth The Fifth Amendment is located within the constitution of the United States of America. It consists of five well know clauses. Amendment V states: â€Å"No person shall be held to answer for a capital or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the sameRead MoreThe Historical Roots Of The American Bill Of Rights1279 Words   |  6 Pageshistorical roots of the American Bill of Rights come from two concepts: liberty and republicanism. Both liberty and republicanism are intertwined. At their roots, they are regularized constructs designed to achieve a common objection: a check upon unbridled and arbitrary government power. Arbitrary arrests and imprisonment were feared by the eighteenth century Englishmen as the antithesis of liberty. (Garcia pg. 1) Two specific protections were perceived as vital to the right to an indictment and a jury

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Nursing Care

Question: Discuss about the Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Nursing Care. Answer: Ineffective airway clearance mainly results from enhanced airway inflammation and oedema. Obstruction bronchitis is major disease in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease characterised by inflammation of the bronchi and bronchioles (Bolton et al, 2013). Besides, mucus gland hyperplasia, increased goblet cell production leads to overproduction of phlegm and mucus, which damages cilia and blocks the respiratory linings. Gaseous exchange takes place between the alveoli and capillaries in the alveoli walls and it involves oxygen delivery to tissues while carbon IV oxide is eliminated from the bloodstream to the lungs (Vestbo et al, 2013). Prolonged smoking a causative factor in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease results in destruction of lung parenchyma cells lining the alveoli. As a result alveoli walls loose the elasticity and are damaged leading to high compliance (Sallis, 2016). In addition, air is trapped in the large air spaces within the altered alveoli thus inhibiting lung deflation. Eventually, this impairs the exchange of oxygen and carbon IV oxide across the alveoli. Healthy airways and air sacs have elastic muscles that contract and relax while breathing (Eisner et al, 2010). However inflamed and obstructed airways in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in conjunction with inelastic air sacs lowers the respiratory rate tidal volume thus affecting the ventilation-perfusion ratio leading to impaired ventilation. Clogged airways in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary disease patients leads to expiratory airflow limitation thus breathing will require an added effort thus increasing their resting energy expenditure (Turan et al, 2014). Because of the increased metabolic demands, calorie intake has to be increased to avoid weight loss. Moreover, decreased dietary intake because of inherent inability to eat due to coughing, anorexia and chronic mucous production contributes to imbalanced nutrition intake. Mucous filled airways and inflammation of both the airways and air sacs impairs the innate immune system (Vestbo et al, 2013). The impairment of the innate immune system is responsible for the colonization of the respiratory tract with bacteria leading bacterial infections mainly flu and pneumonia. Medication management Oral prednisone is a systemic corticosteroid that blocks the airway eosinophilic inflammatory markers and serum C-reactive protein thus decreasing airway inflammation to manage dyspnoea. Ipratropium bromide via nebuliser is an inhaled bronchodilator (Bolton et al, 2013). As an anticholinergic, its administration via a nebuliser facilitated its direct entry into the lungs. It relaxes the smooth muscles around the airway increasing dilation thus improving breathing. Oral amoxicillin is an antibiotic that was administered because the patient had developed a cold and there was risk of developing pneumonia due to the impaired innate immune system (Sallis, 2016). Ipratropium Bromide and Sulbutamol nebulisers contain an inhalation solution consisting of a combination ipratropium bromide, a long acting anticholinergic bronchodilator and Sulbutamol, a short acting agonist that acts on smaller airways (Hartman et al, 2014). Adult dose include one 3Ml vial by nebulisation 4 times a day with up to 2 additional 3Ml doses allowed per day(Turan et al, 2014). The amount delivered to the lungs depends on patient factors and jet nebulizer utilized. Concerns include the delivery systems, efficacy of the drugs and drug interactions. Side effects to be monitored include body aches, ear congestion and chills from hypersensitivity. A dosage of oral prednisone of between 40mg-100mg every 6 hours is an oral corticosteroid which decreases inflammation in the airways. It is also expected to speed up recovery rate (Khdour et al, 2012). There is low risk of relapse and decreased rate of treatment failure. Thus, vital signs like breathing should be monitored to evaluate improved breathing. The patients weight, blood pressure and blood sugar levels should be monitored. It is a corticosteroid hormone that increases cardiac function and as a hyperglycaemic hormone, it can lead to secondary diabetes. Adverse effects include osteoporosis and stomach ulcers. Oral amoxicillin is a first-line antibiotic which is administered as one 500mg tablet three times daily. The oral antibiotics are administered between 5-10 days (Hartman et al, 2014). Signs of bacterial infections like flu and pneumonia should be monitored since the drug has increased resistance from -lactamase producing bacteria such as streptococcus pneumoniae. Side effects include allergic reactions thus; skin tests to determine tolerance are necessary. Patient teaching My topic of choice would be why Neville needs to stop smoking. In this regard, the specific type of information that I will explain to Neville the patient includes the relationship between smoking and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, its adverse effects and management. I will let him understand that the disease results to respiratory failure and smoking is its major risk factor (Reticker et al, 2012). The smoke includes cigarettes, cigars as well as second hand smoke exposure. Cigars contain nicotine and tar which when inhaled move down through the trachea and eventually into the bronchi and bronchioles which contain the alveoli responsible for gaseous exchange (Bakerly et al, 2011). The patient will understand that the contents of the smoke contributes to the stiffening of the air sacs, thickening and inflammation of the airways, increased production of mucus in the airways due to goblet cells hyperplasia causing air obstruction according to Eisner et al (2010).. These are cha racteristic features of emphysema and obstructive bronchitis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease which eventually leads to persistent cough that produces a lot of mucus. Impaired gaseous exchange contributes to anorexia and dyspnoea especially during exercise. In addition, I will let Neville understand that the inflammation of the air sacs which leads to development of air spaces within the air sacs that cause a wheezing sound while breathing and chest tightness (Reticker et al, 2012). It is important for the patient to understand that COPD is a progressive disease that has no cure. Lung damage from cigarette smoking is an irreversible process but lifestyle adjustments and some medical treatments aid in its intervention (Nguyen et al, 2015). Because of the interventions, symptoms are managed to avoid flare-ups. Management of COPD include medical treatments such as bronchodilators, glucocorticosteriods, flu and pneumococcal vaccines, pulmonary rehabilitation oxygen therapy, lung volume reduction and lung transplant. Further, Neville will be made aware that smoking cessation is a major lifestyle intervention in COPD case management. Nicotine in the tobacco attaches to brain receptors in the brain leading to the addiction and difficulty in smoke quitting (Nguyen et al, 2015). However, interventions in smoking cessation help smokers who are trying to quit. Thus Neville should consider strategies such as use of medications which include nicotine replacement therapy, cytosine or varenicline according to Khdour et al (2012). Behavioural counselling is an important in smoking cessation and it includes assessment, advice and assistance to the patient. His supportive wife will be of help in offering home care to Neville. Follow-ups to monitor progress and nicotine withdrawal symptoms would be necessary as part of clinical practice guideline. There are several recommendations that nurse and doctors both in the hospital and in the home care facilities need to follow in regard to managing COPD. These include first, assessing the ddischarge status and further communicating directly to a discharge agency on patient required handling so as to ensure a seamless handover between the facilities (Reticker et al, 2012). Secondly, there is need to asses and address the patients psychosocial factors and even co-morbidity as they influence the expected post-intervention medication adherence. Thirdly, medical teams need to consider the probability of medication adherence on the part of the patient in order to prevent future hospital readmissions due to repeated exacerbations (Vestbo et al, 2013). Further, the medication and nursing plans need to incorporate the promotion of physical activities among patients and emphasize its positive influence on patient physical functioning and anxiety. Neville is undergoing acute flare-ups resulting from withdrawal symptoms. Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease are characterised the mentioned signs which include dyspnoea, reduced respiratory rate and increased heart rate(Bakerly et al, 2011). I would connect the nebuliser mask and tubing to the oxygen inlet to oxygen therapy through ipratropium bromide using the nebuliser. I would administer inhaled prednisone since it is useful in acute flare-ups. The corticosteroid drug will decrease inflammation thus improving breathing (Turan et al, 2014). Ipratropium bromide is a long acting bronchodilator and it opens up the central airways. The long acting anti-muscarinic agent improves lung function, dyspnoea and quality of life (Hillegass et al, 2017). The nebuliser was used to facilitate direct entry of the drugs to the lungs to facilitate faster dilation of muscles thus improving breathing. Inhaled prednisone was necessary as an anti- inflammatory and is recommended for symptomatic patients at a high risk of exacerbation. Transfer handover: Neville is 62 years male presenting with severe, but established COPD. He has a long history of cigarette smoking. This patient was admitted to hospital the previous 2 days and diagnosed with worsening dyspnoea, increased purulent sputum and cough. Neville reports that he had developed a cold several days before he was admitted. The patient also reported that his usual preventative medications could not relieve the mentioned symptoms. Since admission, his upper respiratory symptoms improved but after being administered with salbutamol nebuliser, I noticed that Neville was restless, anxious with dyspnoea. His pulse has increased to 110 beats per minute and has slight increase in the respiratory rate and oxygen saturation. Nasal prong oxygen remains in place. The medical orders for nasal prong oxygen administered at 2L/min in order to the lower oxygen saturations from 88 to 92%. The patient needed; spirometry before the administration of nebulisers and after; high protein and carbohydrate diet; administration of intravenous fluids (Bakerly et al, 2011). Current medications are ipratropium bromide nebuliser, inhaled prednisone, oral amoxicillin-clavulanate, prn paracetamol. Pneumococcal and flu vaccines have been administered. Neville is undergoing smoking cessation. He has stopped smoking and is currently managing withdrawal symptoms. He has been admitted in our facility with health care professions who are very supportive. References Bakerly, N. D., Roberts, J. A., Thomson, A. R., Dyer, M. (2011). The effect of COPD health forecasting on hospitalization and health care utilization in patients with mild-to-moderate COPD. Chronic Respiratory Disease, 8(1), 5-9. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1479972310388950 Bolton CE, Bevan-Smith EF, Blakey JD, et al (2013). British Thoracic Society guideline on pulmonary rehabilitation in adults: accredited by NICE. Thorax.;68(Suppl2):ii1-ii Eisner MD, Blanc PD, Yelin EH, et al(2010). Influence of anxiety on health outcomes in COPD. Thorax. 65(3):229-234. Hartman JE, Boezen HM, Zuidema MJ, De Greef MHG, Ten Hacken NHT(2014). Physical activity recommendations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. espiration. ;88(2):92-100. Hillegass, E, Crouch R., Miller K.L (2017) Preventing re-admission with COPD: Transitioning from Acute to Home Care. Home Health Section of the American Physical Therapy Association: San Antonio. Innovation A for HHQ and. Improving Care Transitions Between Hospital and Home Health : A Home Health Model of Care Transitions.; 2014. Available at: https://ahhqi.org/quality-initiatives/care-transitions. Khdour MR, Hawwa AF, Kidney JC, Smyth BM, McElnay JC (2012). Potential risk factors for medication non-adherence in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 68(10):1365-1373. Naylor MD, Aiken LH, Kurtzman ET, Olds DM, Hirschman KB (2011). The care span: The importance of transitional care in achieving health reform. Health Aff. 30(4):746-754. Nguyen HQ, Rondinelli J, Harrington A, et al(2015). Functional status at discharge and 30-day readmission risk in COPD. Respir Med. 109(2):238-246. Reticker AL, Nici L, ZuWallack R. (2012). Pulmonary rehabilitation and palliative care in COPD: Two sides of the same coin? Chronic Respiratory Disease. (2):107-16. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1020122025?accountid=14375. doi: https://dx.doi.org/ Sallis R.E.(2016). Call to action on making physical activity assessment and prescription a medical standard of care. Curr Sports Med Rep. Turan O, Yemez B, Itil O (2014). The effects of anxiety and depression symptoms on treatment adherence in COPD patients. Prim Health Care Res Dev. 2014;15(3): 244-251. Vestbo J, Hurd SS, Agust AG, et al (2013). Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: GOLD Executive Summary. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 187(4):347-365. World Health Organization (2013). How to use the ICF: A Practical Manual for Using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Exposure Draft for Comment. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2013. Web https://www.who.int/classifications/drafticfpracticalmanual2.pdf?

Trobriand Island Essays - Short Form Cricket, Trobriand Cricket

Trobriand Island The subjects of this documentary ?Trobriand Cricket- An Ingenious Response to Colonialism', are these interesting people, natives of the Trobriand islands, which is located off the coast of Papua a-New Guinea. The trobrianders are a tribe who are driven by a culture where magic holds a significant role. Before the arrival of the European missionaries magic was widely used in inter-tribal warfare. The British missionaries who arrived in the Trobriands around the late 19th century found the ritualized warfare of the Trobrianders "barbarous" and immediately forbade it. Coincidentally, they introduced the game of cricket to the Islanders as a substitute for the conflict between two local groups, and to encourage morality. This game, which was introduced in its original form in the early 20th century, has changed quite a lot to fit into the culture of the Trobriand people. This film was made to highlight the Trobriand Cricket as a great example of Acculturation - how one part of a culture is transmitted through contact between groups with different cultures, in this case the contact of the British missionaries with the people of the Trobriand Islands. It depicts how the game of cricket has undergone a remarkable cultural transformation, among the people of Trobriand islands. Mixture of Good and Evil: The values important to this culture show that the Trobrianders believe in both the goodness and evilness of human nature. As an example for their belief in goodness, we can use the fact that the elder people are revered in this society. They may not play the game, but they are in charge of jobs like keeping in pace with the score-keeper of the game, counting off the number of batsmen left, and so on. Another example is the gifts of prestige food that these people exchange in the ceremony after the game. One more amazing aspect that their game has developed is the fact that the victory of the hosting team is understood in advance, it is predecided. So according to our definitions, the game of cricket that these people play is not a sport. This is done in order to pay respect to the organizers of the game, especially the center man. This points out their belief in the goodness of human nature. Similarly, their belief that Man also has evil in him, is evident when the game is abandoned and the narrator tells us that there is a certain air of suspicion among the players, that the opponents from the sponsoring political movement may have brought on rain with counter-magic to purposely stop the game. Man in harmony with Nature: The Trobrianders live in harmony with the nature that surrounds them, and this is evident in their sense of dressing, decoration, their tools. They use palm fronds to count the score of a game, or to count the number of baskets of yam, when they are farming. The bats, balls and stumps they use are carved out of light and hard wood. The clothes they wear, especially the traditional pubic covering that is expected of cricket players, which is made from the skin of a beetlenut tree. They use natural products as part of their everyday lives. The fact that man should in every way live in complete harmony with nature, is synthesized in their set of values. Present Oriented: Although we can witness all the 3 different kinds of time-orientations, the present is valued a lot more than the past or the future. The Trobriand people do yam farming, but at the same time, during the harvest period they invest their time for the game of cricket. They prefer living in the present. They do not worry too much about future, nor do they base their values upon what has happened in the past. As the narrator says, the game of cricket is still evolving in Trobriand, it shows that the people are open to changes in the game, and not prejudiced. Doing: The Trobriands have characteristic dances and chants, which were specially created for the game of cricket. All the out dances are danced with chants that are to taunt the batsman from the opposing team who has just got out. They criticize and ridicule the ability of a player, using these chants. This shows that for these people Doing is very important. If you do not play well, you will be taunted at. If a batsman gets run out, he is taunted by chanting: "Stupidity! Stupidity! Wicket left open." Here, the batsman who has got run out is being taunted for