Wednesday, November 27, 2019

Terrorism, Counter

Elements of the US Standard Intelligence Producers Cycle Intelligence cycle denotes all the activities that are within the intelligent cycle niche. Usually, these undertakings include processes that guarantee useful decision-making for a given information. As the name suggests, Intelligence Cycle is a set of processes that includes planning, data analysis and evaluation, and integration and information dissemination (Central Intelligence Agency 2008). The five elements of the US Standard Intelligence Producers Cycle are discussed below.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Terrorism, Counter-Terrorism, and Intelligence specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Planning and direction Planning is the primary sphere of all that takes place within Intelligence Cycle. All the processes begin with planning, and this shapes the overall framework of all that follows. Planning leads the personnel to execute a particular job in a proced ural, programmed way that gives direction to what is needed, and that which must be achieved (Central Intelligence Agency 2008). Collection Intelligence Cycle personnel collect information by any means necessary from all the sources available. The personnel rely on the information found from newspapers, magazines, television, and radio broadcasts. Other pieces of information are usually attained by means of secret recording devices that help to authenticate their sources. Pictures taken by CCTV and satellites are usually part of this process. Processing The personnel rely on the information collected so that it can be processed for interpretation. It is usually upon interpretation that the information can gain access and form part of the Intelligence Report. The personnel usually document or encrypt the information for evaluation and analysis. Analysis and production Here, the personnel consider the information so far achieved and determine its compatibility while considering the ke y policy issues inherent within. The personnel assess any eventuality that could be attached to a particular piece of information or that might affect the US public interest in one way or the other. Dissemination Dissemination is usually the final step where the personnel give their final documented analysis and forward it to a policy maker. Dissemination follows analysis where learning outcomes of the original question are decoded, after which the whole process begins again for finer information synthesis. Classes of spies Sun Tzu forwarded five classes of spies include local spies, inward, converted, doomed, and surviving spies (The Internet Classics Archive 2005). Tzu opines that when these classes of spies are at work, the secret system becomes robust, and is beyond reproach.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Local spies Local spies take the services of local inhabitants of a region into consideration. The intelligence may advance its collaboration with the indigenous people in an enemy country and win the locals by kind treatments with the aim of using them as spies to volunteer fruitful information. Inward spies Inward spies consider the services of officials in the enemy region by luring them to volunteer valuable information within their system. Usually, worthy officials who have fallen out with the system are very formidable individuals to engage because they may feel aggrieved, and would naturally augur well to play a role in the enemy court. Converted spies Intelligence may seek to convert enemy spies to play on their side while volunteering very insightful information since they are within the system. The intelligence, according to Lieberman (2012, p. 22), has a duty to win over these individuals by any means necessary including bribes and liberal promises capable of detaching them from the enemy side. It also involves inducing them to relay f alse information to the system they work for to weaken the enemy (The Internet Classics Archive 2005). Doomed spies This category involves a lot of deception to hoodwink the enemy side by orchestrating stage-managed acts to reveal the strengths and weaknesses of the enemy side. The intelligence, therefore, capitalises on their weaknesses to deal with the enemy a big blow. Surviving spies This category consists of individuals attached to the enemy side to volunteer valuable information, which is usually confined within the system. Such individuals must be of keen intellect, though outwardly presumed as fools but with passion and commitment to deliver their presumed system to the enemy. The difference between ‘Covert Action’ (CA) and ‘Clandestine Operations’ (CO) Each of these actions entails a planned, coordinated, and well-executed operation that seeks to conceal the identity of the sponsors or nature of the operation (Daugherty 2004, p. 25). They have a ne t political effect with a possible ramification in the police force, the military, or the intelligence service. Covert Actions undertake their operations surreptitiously without necessarily revealing their sponsors to that effect while Clandestine Operations strive to conceal the nature of the operation (Daugherty 2004, p. 30). However, Covert Action and Clandestine Operations, according to Stone and Williams (2015, p. 7), are distinct in their own separate ways. While Covert Action (CA) emphasises on the concealment of the identity of the sponsor of the operation, Clandestine Operations (CO) instead has information on its actions or operations concealed. Moreover, while clandestine seeks to mystify its operations, covert seeks to deny its operations.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Terrorism, Counter-Terrorism, and Intelligence specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Clandestine operation, therefore, differs from cove rt action due to its emphasis on concealing the details of the operation while covert action seeks to obscure the identity of the sponsor (Stone Williams 2015, p. 10). The killing of Osama Bin Laden falls under clandestine operation since the emphasis was placed on concealing the details of the operation while the sponsors were known to be the US Government. In the operation that eliminated Bin Laden, the operations of the Seal Team Six were not revealed even after the successful killing of Osama. The three main forms of ethics discussed in weeks 10 and 11 Ethical and moral intelligence seeks to nurture principles of just intelligence by creating theories capable of answering many ethical concerns while emphasising on the classical metaphysical laws developed over the years. No clear theory seems to conjoin community intelligence studies to the just war theory as provided for in the military ethics. The three main forms of ethics discussed in weeks 10 and 11 consist of fundamental freedoms, rights, and utilitarianism. Utilitarianism, as Lyons (2011) notes, defines the priorities of principles and explore whether such principles conflict with those of others in practice or not. Under utilitarianism, rights and freedoms ideologies are applicable as a single comprehensive concept of justice that assents to fairness and equal treatment for all without seeking to put individual interest above all others in any way. These ethical principles are applicable in a broad spectrum and significance in ensuring that the law does not apply by default to certain individuals.  These ethics, therefore, present the image of justice and equity concept that aim at political liberalism among individuals and within their societies without necessarily infringing on others’ freedoms or liberties. As Richardson (2011) notes, intelligence’s concept of justice as fairness envisages a society of free citizens with equal rights whose main desire is to work in harmony withi n a democratic and free economic system. Intelligence account of fair and equal treatment for all is a version of political liberalism that concerns the legitimate application of political power in an egalitarian (Taylor 2008, p. 72). As noted herein, intelligence’s pedagogy of fair and equal treatment for all is a demonstration of how enduring unity is achievable even under the multifaceted worldviews that democratic institutions are capable of offering (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 2007). The security of any person at any given moment is not subject to bargain. When the security of a society is compromised, individuals live in peril and fear of being victimised by circumstances. Security brings forth life, happiness, and abundance that makes man complete.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Since everything depends on it, a society will always pursue security for its people to thrive. Intelligence’s seeks to strengthen the laws of principles that embody the foundations of fair and equal treatment for all. The principle, to open-minded foreign policy that it seeks to mould aims at explaining how a peaceful and tolerant societal order could be productive in developing individuals regardless of their religious creeds or political affiliations. Individuals with a utilitarian mind-set naturally agree that all that is good is by virtue of utility, which in turn points to an individual’s welfare and societal wellbeing (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 2012). The concept of security delves much on basic common good, and holds that the wellbeing of individuals consists of preference while specifying right action when it comes to satisfying and justifying such preferences. Notably, fair and equal treatment for all suffices as the best alternative in building str ong institutions. Usually, individuals’ welfare consists of community, happiness, wealth, self-development, and self-worth (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 2013). Accordingly, each of these elements is either a means to concomitant or preference, and this linkage with preference make individuals accountable as part of the society. Given the absurd nature of the difficulty in gauging individuals, White (2012) opines that this association with preference makes utilitarian account for fair and equal treatment of all formidable choices in building stronger communities. Intelligence concept in these presumptions presupposes a hypothetical action where all individuals have the capacity to explore their lifelong sought after dreams since by its very nature of equal opportunities individuals are limitless in their lives. The just war theorists hold that resorting to war is not necessarily to counter aggression, but simply as a last resort. While critics of the just war theory hol d that the concept of war as a last resort would not recognise any type of war as just. Ideally, there can never be factual attempts to avoid war, especially in the face of such extreme aggression. Under these schemes of things, Hinnebusch (2007, p. 13) notes that after all reasonable attempts have been made to reach out to the warring forces, it would be reasonable to employ the rival force capable of ending the conflict. The only problem perhaps is to decide who is entrusted with the making of such a decision. However, once this decision is reached, questions abound whether all the possibilities to avoid war might have been met or not will always suffice. The war on terrorism in particular has raised such concerns. It is because of such considerations that Washington attempted to reach out to the Arab world severally (Lieberfeld 2005, p. 16). Given the prospects of a terror network such as Al-Qaeda, it would be a waste of time extending diplomatic ties to resolve the conflict dipl omatically, hence the inclination to apply force in pursuing its perpetrates. Under the just war theory, acts of vengeance cannot be committed to humanity while the rest of the world watch. For example, in the case of Iraq’s aggression in Kuwait, someone had to come and assist. Naturally, the just war theory holds that an ally of a country under attack is justified to intervene and even join forces should conditions file past the morally and ethically inexcusable baseline. Therefore, the basis of US’s joining the war was in the spirit of redeeming the plight of humanity, which readily qualifies the intervening state as just in its action (Office of the Historian 2013). While opponents of the just war theory hold views that are contrary, especially in light of the humanitarian crisis it may pose. However, the final determinant of war depends on who argues his points best under the very theory of the just war. Considerable accusations directed to the US at its hypocrisy in fighting terrorism are purely baseless and impractical. The war against terrorism does not only pass out as a moral victory for the American people, but also for the entire world population. Clearly, it is a proof of America’s decency to the use of power proportionately. Besides, it is a demonstration that with the US as the world’s military power and intelligence might, all nations are protected against aggressors and transgressors such as Osama Bin Laden whose extremism ideologies were increasingly making the world more insecure. References Central Intelligence Agency 2008, The 2008 CIA World Factbook by United States. Web. Daugherty, J 2004, Executive Secrets: Coved the Presidency, University of Kentucky Press, Lexington, Kentucky. Hinnebusch, R 2007, ‘The American invasion of Iraq: Causes and consequences’, Perceptions, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 9-27. Lieberfeld, D 2005, ‘Theories of conflict, and the Iraq war’, International Journal of Peace Studies, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 1-21. Lieberman, J 2012, Liberalism undressed, Oxford University Press, New York. Lyons, D 2011, Forms and limits of utilitarianism, Clarendon Press, Oxford. Office of the Historian 2013, Milestones, 1989-1992: The Gulf War, 1991. Web. Richardson, H 2011, Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy: John Rawls (1921-2002). Web. Taylor, R 2008, Reconstructing Rawls: The Kantian foundations of justice as fairness, Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park, PA. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 2007, Equality. Web. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 2012, John Rawls. Web. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 2013, Distributive Justice. Web. Stone, C Williams, R 2015, All Necessary Means: Employing CIA operatives in a Warfighting Role alongside Special Operations Forces, CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, New York. The Internet Classics Archive 2005, The Art of War – Sun Zi XIII. Web. White, J 2012, Political philosophy: A historical i ntroduction, Oxford University Press, New York. This essay on Terrorism, Counter-Terrorism, and Intelligence was written and submitted by user Mar1a to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Sunday, November 24, 2019

Hayao Miyazaki Essay Example

Hayao Miyazaki Essay Example Hayao Miyazaki Essay Hayao Miyazaki Essay Hayao Miyazaki is a very influential part of my choice of my career, having seen so many of his movies as a child and now still watching them, it has done nothing but continue to fuel my love of animation. He began to work as an animator at studio Toei Douga in 1963, grabbing everyones attention with his amazing art works and ideas. In 1973 after transferring to Nippon Animation, there he was able to bring about some classics such as: Lupin the Third: The Castle of Cagliostro (1979) and Nausicaa of the Valley of the Wind (1984). The success of the film (Nausicaa of the Valley of the Wind (1984)) brought him toa place in his life where he was able to start his very own animation studio; Studio Ghibli. All this success from Hayao Miyazaki honing his natural ability of art and embracing all the strange ideas he has had for beautiful movies has brought me lots of hope for when I am feeling like all I turn out is chicken scratch. His efforts have never been fruitless in making everyone, including people who do not watch Anime, enjoy his movies. Spirited Away (2001) Image Source: irdasianews. com/store/spirited- sen-chihiro-kamikakushi/ In this image we have the female protagonist Chihiro solidifying the relationship with one of her first friends, Haku. Some of the noticeable elements in this image are the difference in shading between animated character and background, the lines that outline their bodies, and the emotion on their faces. As the main protagonist, Chihiro has a red uniform, part of the primary colo rs, it shows her status as a main element. Next to her is Haku, who is also in a primary color of blue. : The two characters colors can depict their personalities as well, Chihiro who shows her emotions on her sleeve and feels them heavily and intensely. Haku is in cool under tones, not only because he is more of a side kick, but because his personality is rather hidden and although very deep he does not show it. My Neighbor Totoro (1988) Image Source: http://doublefeatureshow. com/2012/08/the- iron-giant-my-neighbor-totoro. html Here we have a picture of the movie My Neighbor Totoro, there are the three main characters in this image. Totoro, Satsuki, and on Satsukis back, Mel. In this scene, we see hue (primary color of yellow), value (the brightness over the children, the darkness over totoro and the forest), temperature (the warmth of orange and yellow and red from the light, the coolness of the dark blue and green in the forest and on Totoro), and lastly, intensity ( the main characters coloring compared to the background. ) Ponyo (2008) Image Source: http:// www. fanpop. com/clubs/ponyo-on-the-cliff-by-the-sea/images/30547637/title/ponyo- screencaps-photo Ponyo loves ham! Ponyo is a sweet little protagonist in this movie, er and her human friend Sosuke are what keep the film light-hearted as well as all of the bright hues and values. Ponyo is adorned in red, still symbolic of the primary status we discussed earlier, but temperature is a cooler red to help bring harmony with the cool tones of the ocean and background scenery, and a softer more childish image to her personality. The very flow of the lines drawn create a lot of dynamic movement, which I believe to be one of Hayao Miyazakis greatest skills. The tousled look of the characters hair and the wide eyed look in their eyes express the many

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Criminal Justice Career Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Criminal Justice Career - Essay Example Ensuring that I attain high marks in my final year at UCF remains one of the most important things to me to achieve my objective of becoming a Special Agent in future. The courses I pursue at UCF will leverage my selection as an FBI Special Agent because FBI recruits on the grounds of certain critical skills, which I have so far covered in my university coursework. FBI requires all Special Agent position applicants to first qualify for one of their entry program, which include accounting, language, law, diversified and computer science or information technology. A Special Agent, often referred to as a criminal investigator or detective, gathers facts and assemble evidence pertaining to the intent of ascertaining whether violations of local, or federal laws has occurred in connection to a case in question. No archetypal day exists for an FBI Special Agent because each day has its unique course. Today, an Agent may be testifying against a criminal in a federal court and the following m orning he may be engaged in collecting evidence from the field, making arrests, contacting an informant or doing some paperwork among other activities. There are numerous types of crimes such as Intelligence, Criminal, Counterintelligence, and Counterterrorism among others. As such, an individual aspiring to be an FBI Special Agent may choose which one to specialize in. Special Agents are usually employed full-time and it is very rare to find part-time employment opportunities in this field. Those who have been in the field with vast experience usually get favorable working hours than new recruits who are usually assigned night duties and even weekends as well as holidays. The profession is highly risky, especially because Special Agents deal with criminals who may attack them in one way or another causing bodily harm and even death in extreme cases. Therefore, it is usually imperative to follow recommended procedures when working in order to reduce risk exposure. Special Agent job is a physical and stressful. You are always oblivious of what dangers you might encounter in the line of duty. Nevertheless, Special Agents are trained on how to handle such occurrences, which makes them fit to creatively deal with any situation. In order to become a Special Agent, many people usually serve as police officers before joining the Criminal Investigation Division (CID) as Special Agents. The minimum education requirement for the job is a high school diploma with some law enforcement agencies requiring college or degree certificates, for example, an FBI Special Agent must possess a degree coupled with at least three years work experience. An applicant for the position of a Special Agent must be 23 years old, but less than 37 years. Passing physical test as well as background assessment, including polygraph, is mandatory for one to qualify for the job of a Special Agent. After recruitment process, the selected individuals are taken to a training academy, which could be re gional or agency-owned. One then commences his or her on-the-job training after graduation from the academy. Besides educational requirements, one must have good problem-solving skills, good judgment as well as excellent communication skills. Good communication skill is essential in interacting with peers as well as suspects (U.S. Department of Justice, n.d). One